Single Crystal Sapphire

The chemical composition of single crystal sapphire is α-alumina, which is transparent, colorless, high hardness, small thermal expansion, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, and not easily corroded by chemical substances.

Machining Capability

Jundro Ceramics is a professional ultra-hard materials machining manufacturer and factory, which can achieve high-precision machining of Single Crystal Sapphire, support special-shaped, curved, lightweight, micro-pores (φ0.1mm) to achieve ultra-high finish of Ra0.002um

Tolerance ±1um

Flatness 1 µm (Φ300)

Roughness Ra0.002μm

Micropores 0.1mm

Internal Thread M1.2

Max. Size Φ400mm

Advantages

High hardness and wear resistance
High light transmittance
Biocompatible
High resistance to most acids, bases and solvents
Low thermal expansion coefficient (8×10⁻⁶/K)
High electrical insulation

Properties

View the performance table for our Single Crystal Sapphire glass. This value is for reference only and may vary slightly depending on the batch conditions.

Mechanical Properties	Unit	Sapphire
Density	g/cm³	3.98
Vickers hardness	HV	2000
Bending strength	MPa	400
Compressive strength	MPa	2000
Elastic modulus	GPa	370
Toughness	MPa·m^1/2	3.5
Poisson's ratio	—	0.23
Young's Modulus	GPa	370

Thermal Properties	Unit	Sapphire
Thermal conductivity	W/mK	46
Melting point	°C	2050
Maximum operating temperature	°C	2000
Linear expansion coefficient	10⁻⁶/K	8

Electrical Properties	Unit / Condition	Sapphire
Dielectric constant	1 MHz	9.3
Breakdown voltage	V/cm	30
Dielectric loss	1 MHz	≤ 10^-4
Resistivity	Ω·cm	≥ 10¹⁶

Interested in Our Single Crystal Sapphire Solutions?

Download Our Datasheet

Applications

Lenses, windows, prisms, laser cavity windows
Watch mirrors, mobile phone protective covers
Semiconductor substrates and bases
Precision mechanical components
Ultra-high vacuum components
Light guide display windows
Medical endoscope windows, ultrasound probe protection windows
Fluid Control Water Valve Disc

Learn how to use five-axis machining to create complex shapes

Fused Silica Glass

Fused Quartz is the preferred matching material for sapphire components due to its excellent optical transmission and low thermal expansion. It helps minimize thermal stress while maintaining high stability, making it ideal for precision optical and laser systems.

More information about Fused Silica Glass

What are the main advantages of sapphire over standard glass?

Sapphire offers extremely high hardness (second only to diamond), excellent scratch resistance, high thermal conductivity, and superior chemical stability. It also maintains optical transparency across a wide wavelength range from UV to infrared.

What is the optical transmission range of sapphire?

Sapphire offers excellent optical transmission from approximately 150 nm in the ultraviolet range up to about 5.5 µm in the infrared range, making it suitable for a wide range of optical applications.

Is sapphire better than fused silica or quartz glass?

It depends on the application. Sapphire is much harder and more wear-resistant than fused silica, making it ideal for harsh environments. However, fused silica offers better thermal shock resistance and is often more cost-effective for standard optical applications.

Is sapphire suitable for high-temperature environments?

Yes, sapphire has excellent high-temperature resistance and can operate in extreme environments while maintaining structural and optical stability.

Do you offer custom sapphire machining services?

Yes, we provide custom machining of single crystal sapphire components, including complex geometries, tight tolerances, and high-precision optical finishes for semiconductor, optical, and industrial applications.

Macor is a machinable glass-ceramic made from fluorophlogopite mica crystals embedded in a borosilicate glass matrix. This composition gives it a rare
combination of metal-like machinability, excellent electrical insulation, low thermal conductivity, and stability up to 1000°C (no load) while maintaining very tight tolerances.